Snake bites
The UK only has three native snakes – the Grass snake, the Smooth Snake and the Adder (viper) Of these, only the Adder is poisonous.
The Grass snake is recognised by the green/yellow and black markings on the back of it’s head. It rarely bites but can look aggressive if cornered but it’s bite is not poisonous and would show as horseshoe shaped teethmarks.
The Smooth snake is very rare in the UK and normally only found in the Southern Counties. Again, like the Grass snake, it is not venomous but can sometimes be mistaken for an Adder because at first sight, it can look similar, although it lacks the solid zig zag markings of the Adder.
The adder is easily recognisable by it’s zig zag pattern.
Snakes in the UK are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
All UK snakes hibernate between September/October and March, when temperatures fall below 9 celsius. During warm weather, snakes are active during the day although very rarely seen because they slink off as soon as they feel the vibration of something approaching.
Adders are not aggressive snakes and will normally only strike if they are harassed or feel threatened. Quite often an inquisitive dog can fall foul of the Adder because he has stopped to investigate this strange creature.
If not treated promptly and effectively, a bite from a venomous snake can be fatal to a dog.
Signs
-
Extreme pain is experienced, often with vocalisation;
- The dog’s head will swell up – perhaps right to the back of the neck and beyond. His collar will have to be loosened;
- There will be profound swelling and redness at the site of the bite and often hair loss, which will all happen very quickly;
- Two fang bites/puncture wounds will be visible, possibly oozing a black necrotic liquid;
- Weakness;
- Muscle tremors;
- Vomitting;
- Hyper excitability which often leads to convulsions;
- Your dog may be temporarily paralysed or blinded;
- There will be collapse, severe depression and coma;
- Without immediate, timely treatment, death may result.
Action to take
- Avoid direct contact with the snake. If necessary, use a long stick to fend it away. Remember that snakes in the UK are protected so you should not injure or kill a snake.
- Try to keep your dog calm and relaxed.
- Immediately phone your vet and advise him that you are on your way with a
suspected snake bite victim.
- Carry your dog to a vehicle and transport him to the vet without delay.
Important points
- Do not try and follow the cowboy films by cutting the puncture marks and sucking the poison out – it doesn’t work and you’re likely to cause yourself problems.
- Do not use a tourniquet unless under the advice and guidance of your vet.
- Do not apply ice to the snake bite – this is an outdated treatment and can actually cause more problems
- Do not apply heat to the snake bite – as above, this can cause harm
Fast action by you could save your dog’s life.
Copyright © Dogs & Co 2009 unless otherwise stated
Updated July 2009